Study on patterns and characteristics of in vivo tissue distribution of anti-inflammatory extract of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum aerial part in healthy and inflammatory pathological model rats / 中国中药杂志

The concentrations of seven anti-inflammatory components in blood and tissues were determined by UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum aerial part(THAA) in healthy and inflammatory pathological model rats. The determination was carried out by using positive and negative ion switching technique, and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The tissue distributions of the seven components in different physiological states were compared, and the patterns and characteristics of the effective components of THAA were studied. The results revealed that the seven effective components have large drug-time-curve areas(AUC) in heart, brain, small intestine, and stomach in both normal rats and inflammatory pathological model rats. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory effective component groups in THAA extract can all penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and have a large distribution area in gastrointestinal tract. It is inferred that gastrointestinal reabsorption may be one of the causes of the bimodal distribution of the drug-time curve of the drug blood distribution graph. As compared to normal rats, the effective component groups in THAA extract have higher drug-time curve area(AUC) in heart, brain, small intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and muscle of inflammatory pathological model rats. Among them, the effective component groups have the largest distribution area in heart, brain, small intestine, and stomach. This suggests that the binding force of organ tissues and drugs in the body may change under pathological conditions. It is speculated that the heart, brain, small intestine, and stomach may be the target tissues of THAA to produce anti-inflammatory effect. The retention times of THAA effective component groups in various organ tissues of rats in different physiological states are all relatively short, and do not have much difference. This suggests that no effective component accumulates in body, and that the pathological state of inflammation does not affect the onset times of the effective component groups. This experiment elucidates the patterns and characteristics of the in vivo target-effecting tissue distribution of THAA anti-inflammatory extract, and provides an experimental basis for clinical treatment.

Analysis of Main Components in Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum Seedling at Different Growth Periods and Maturation Period / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To analyze the change rule of main chemical components in Asarum heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum seedling during the growing process.Method:Whole seedling samples (one week and two weeks) and the mature plant (three months) of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum were collected and every sample was divided to aerial part (stems and leaves) and underground part (roots).The secondary metabolites were qualitatively identified by HPLC-TOF-MS and the quantitative identification was carried out at the same time with asarinin as index component.Result: A total of 6 known compounds were identified from the underground part of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum as α-asarone (1),N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),9-methoxyaristolactam Ⅳ(3),asarinin (4),caulesnarinside (6) and chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),respectively,the peak area values showed that the contents of these compounds increased gradually with the growth time.A total of 4 known compounds were identified from the aerial part of this herb as N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),caulesauroneside (5),caulesnarinside (6) or chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and peonidin 3-caffeoylgentiobioside (8).Asarinin was identified only in the underground part of mature plant,its content was 155.4 μg·g-1.Conclusion: The species and contents of secondary metabolites are quite different in the aerial and underground parts of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum.At different growth stages of A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum seedling,the types and contents of secondary metabolites in the same site are also different,while the contents of main components show an increasing trend with the growth time.

New Phenolic Glycoside from Aerial Part of Allium sativum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Allium sativum. Method: The aerial part of A. sativum was treated by heating reflux extraction with 70% ethanol. The combined extracting solution was treated with decompressed recovery solvent to obtain the total extract. The total extract's thick paste was suspended with an appropriate amount of distilled water, and then extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water-saturated n-butyl alcohol to obtain petroleum ether extraction fraction, ethyl acetate extraction fraction and n-butyl alcohol extraction fraction. The n-butyl alcohol extraction fraction was isolated and purified by positive phase silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC,etc. The structures of the chemical constituents were elucidated by means of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, and spectral data, like 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC and HR-ESI-MS. Result: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 2-methoxy-phenol-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),phenyl-ethanol-4-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),trans-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),stigmasterol(4),β-sitosterol(5),stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6) and daucosterol(7). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new phenolic glycoside named dasuanxinoside J,and compounds 2-7 are isolated from A. sativum for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Part of Sibiraea angustata / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract from the aerial part of Sibiraea angustata. METHODS: The constituents were isolated by various chromatographic techniques(HP - 20 macroporous absorption resin, Sephadex LH - 20 gel, Reverse-phase silical gel and PHPLC) and their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical properties and their spectroscopic data, as well as the literatures. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were separated and identified as veratric acid (1), (+) -cycloolivil(2), 3, 7-dimethyl-3(E) -6-octadien-5-one-1-O-β-D-glucoside(3), 3, 7-dimethyl-3(Z) -6-octadien-5-one-1-O- β-D-glucoside(4), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-3, 7 -dimethyl-2(E) -6-heptdiene(5), (7R, 8 S) -dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), (+) -1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-β-D-glucoside(7), skimmin(8), kaempferol 3-O-α- L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6) -β-D-galactopyranoside (9), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→6) -β-D-glucopyranoside (10), isorhamnetin 3-O-α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6) -β-galactopyranoside(11), and quercetin 3-O-[2‴ -O-(E)-caffeoyl]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6) -β-D-galactopyranoside(12). CONCLUSION: All compounds are obtained from the genus of Sibiraea for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified from the 75% ethanol extract by chromatography on HPD100 macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 as well as semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as corchionoside C (1), β-ecdysterone (2), coronatasterone (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), astragalin (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(7), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-gentiobioside (11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 3-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 3-5 and 8-10 are isolated from Paris plants for the first time.

“The Agrothechnical Cultivation Method for Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa Gontsch in Steppe Area Using it’s a Seed” / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Oxytropis is an important genus of the family Fabacea and subfamily Papillionoideae. About 99 Oxytropis species could be found in Mongolian land and Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa is endemic species of Mongolia. Pharmacological research of this plant showed anti-tumor, antisepticise, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, neuroendocrine system effects and immune suppression activities. Phytochemical studies resulted to isolation of a lot of chemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, lignans, volatile compounds and polysaccharides. Plants of the genus Oxytropis afford complex constituents, and many of them have been used in traditional folk medicine throughout the world. Phytochemical investigations led to the 127 components including flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins, etc. Some crude extracts and chemical constituents of the genus Oxytropis were found with significant biological and pharmacological activities. We worked on classification study of Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa. After the classification study, goal of this study is to develop agro technological cultivation method and cultivation Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa in experimental field instead of prepare raw material from wild herbals. We seem that both of wild and cultivated of Oxytropis pseidoglandulosa’s seed can be use as main raw material for this plant. In case of cultivation of this plant in the experimental field, the seed should be harvested from field in end of June and all vegetative development stage completed. Therefore the experimental field also has to equip with water canal and protect from wind and has a smooth surface. Key words Endemic, classification, aerial part, soil, seed, vegetative.

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of ribes diacanthum pall / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Ribes diacanthum Pall. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 colunm chromatography and HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS: Nineteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extracts and identified as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-neohesperoside (4), mearnsetin (5), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), mearnsetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), mearnsetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (9), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) glucopyranoside (11), kaempferol 3-(2'', 6''-di-O-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucoside (12), 1, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzene (13), vanillic acid (14), protocatechuic acid (15), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (16), gallic acid (17), blumenol C glucoside (18), conocarpan (19). CONCLUSION: All the compounds are isolated from the title plant and the NMR data for 8 is reported here for the first time.

Prácticas agrícolas para el cultivo de Xanthium strumarium L (guizazo de caballo) con fines terapéuticos / Agricultural practices for the culture of Xanthium strumanium L (guizazo de caballo) with therapeutic aims

Xanthium strumarium (guizazo de caballo) se encuentra entre las plantas con antividad antimitótica. OBJETIVOS: determinar en esta especie los aspectos agrícolas que garanticen el adecuado material vegetal. MÉTODOS: se realizaron estudios durante 2007-2009, donde se evaluaron dos fechas de siembra: junio y julio; dos distancias de siembra 90 x 30 cm y 90 x 50 cm y dos momentos de cosecha: 3 meses de edad (parte aérea y raíces) en plantas que presentaban estado de floración-fructificación y 4 meses de edad (solo raíces) en plantas en fructificación. Las semillas, obtenidas de areales silvestres, se sembraron en parcelas, 3 repeticiones en cada caso. Se evaluó la altura de las plantas en el momento de la cosecha, se seleccionaron 10 plantas/parcelas y se cosecharon 39 plantas/parcelas en la distancia de 90 x 30 cm y 24 plantas en la distancia de 90 x 50 cm, en el caso del follaje se evaluaron los rendimientos de 10 plantas/parcelas en cada caso. RESULTADOS: se observó que bajo cultivo la altura de las plantas fueron mayores en las que se sembraron en junio, con distancia de 90 x 30 cm, en tanto que en las de julio se comportaron de forma similar, independientemente a las distancias de siembra empleadas y en correspondencia con ello los rendimientos resultaron iguales; sin embargo, cuando se quieren cosechar también las raíces, es preferible hacer la cosecha a los 3 meses de edad y, en este caso, los mayores valores se presentaron en las siembras de julio, con distancia de 90 x 30 cm. CONCLUSIÓN: para el aprovechamiento de la planta con doble propósito: parte aérea y raíces, pues en ambas se ha encontrado la actividad antimitótica, la siembra se debe realizar entre junio y julio a la distancia de 90 x 30 cm y recolectarse el material a la edad de 3 meses

Xanthium strumarium (guizazo de caballo) is among the plants with antimitotic activity. OBJECTIVES: to determine in this species the agricultural features to guarantee the appropriate plant material. METHODS: during 2007-2009 studies were conducted to assess to sow dates: June and July; two sow distances 90 x 30 cm and 90 x 50 cm at two sow periods: three months of age (aerial parts and roots) in plants with a flowering-fructification states and four months of age (only roots) in plants in fructification process. Seeds obtained from wild aerial plants were sowed in plots, three repetitions in each case. The plants height was assessed at the harvest moment, choosing 10 plants/lots and 39 plants/lots were growed at a 90 x 30 cm distance and 24 plants at the 90 x 50 cm distance, in the case of foliage the yields of 10 plants/lots were assessed in each case. RESULTS: there was that at culture the plants heights were higher in those sowed in June at a 90 x 30 cm distance while those sowed in July behaved in a similar way independently of the sow distances used and in correspondence with it, the yields were similar; however, when we desire to grow also the roots, it is preferable to grow at three months of age, and in this case, the higher values were in sows of July at a 90 x 30 cm distance. CONCLUSION: for the plant exploitation with a double aim: aerial parts and roots, since in both there is antimitotic activity, sow must to be performed between June and July at a 90 x 30 cm distance and to harvest the material at three months age

Study on the Aerial Parts of Radix Puerariae / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide evidences for the exploitation and employment of the aerial parts of radix puerariae in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS:The recent studies on constituents and pharmacology of the aerial parts of radix puerariae including flowers,leaves and vines were summarized on the basis of literature review.RESULTS&CON?CLUSIONS:The aerial parts of radix puerariae contain varieties of active constituents of different functions;It is feasible and practicable to exploit and employ these constituents,which can not only enrich medical resources but also helps reproduction of medicinal herbs resources and benefits ecological environment.